Why Machines Learn: The Elegant Math Behind Modern AI

Why Machines Learn: The Elegant Math Behind Modern AI

A rich, narrative explanation of the mathematics that has brought us machine learning and the ongoing explosion of artificial intelligence Machine learning systems are making life-altering decisions for us: approving mortgage loans, determining whether a tumor is cancerous, or deciding if someone gets bail. They now influence developments and discoveries in chemistry, biology, and physics—the study of genomes, extrasolar planets, even the intricacies of quantum systems. And all this before large language models such as ChatGPT came on the scene. We are living through a revolution in machine learning-powered AI that shows no signs of slowing down. This technology is based on relatively simple mathematical ideas, some of which go back centuries, including linear algebra and calculus, the stuff of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century mathematics. It took the birth and advancement of computer science and the kindling of 1990s computer chips designed for video games to ignite the explosion of AI that we see today. In this enlightening book, Anil Ananthaswamy explains the fundamental math behind machine learning, while suggesting intriguing links between artificial and natural intelligence. Might the same math underpin them both? As Ananthaswamy resonantly concludes, to make safe and effective use of artificial intelligence, we need to understand its profound capabilities and limitations, the clues to which lie in the math that makes machine learning possible. In a brand-new afterword exclusively in the paperback edition, Ananthaswamy dives into the Transformer architecture that makes large language models like ChatGPT possible and points to groundbreaking future directions enabled by the technology. A Next Big Idea Club Must-Read Title for July One of The Information's 5 Best AI Books of 2024 A Winner of the Artificiality Book Awards 2024 "A deep look at the mathematical innovations that made the AI revolution possible. One of the most useful books on AI that I've ever read!" — Cal Newport, New York Times bestselling author of Slow Productivity and Deep Work , and Professor of Computer Science at Georgetown University “ Why Machines Learn , by the award-winning science writer Anil Ananthaswamy, takes the reader on an entertaining journey into the mind of a machine… [The book] demystifies the underlying mechanisms behind machine learning, which may possibly lead to a better understanding of the learning process itself and the development of improved AI.” — Physics World “A skillful primer makes sense of the mathematics beneath AI's hood.” — New Scientist “Whether Ananthaswamy is talking of ML algorithms or manipulation of matrices, he maintains a lightness of language and invokes historical accounts to advance a compelling narrative… A must-read for anyone who is curious to understand 'the elegant math behind modern AI' [and] an inspirational guide for teachers of math and mathematical sciences who can adopt these techniques and methods to make classrooms lively.” — Shaastra, IIT-Madras “Some books about the development of neural networks describe the underlying mathematics while others describe the social history. This book presents the mathematics in the context of the social history. It is a masterpiece. The author is very good at explaining the mathematics in a way that makes it available to people with only a rudimentary knowledge of the field, but he is also a very good writer who brings the social history to life.” — Geoffrey Hinton, Nobel Laureate, deep learning pioneer, Turing Award winner, former VP at Google, and Professor Emeritus at University of Toronto “After just a few minutes of reading Why Machines Learn , you’ll feel your own synaptic weights getting updated. By the end you will have achieved your own version of deep learning—with deep pleasure and insight along the way.” — Steven Strogatz, New York Times bestselling author of Infinite Powers and professor of mathematics at Cornell University “If you were looking for a way to make sense of the AI revolution that is well underway, look no further. With this comprehensive yet engaging book, Anil Ananthaswamy puts it all into context, from the origin of the idea and its governing equations to its potential to transform medicine, quantum physics—and virtually every aspect of our life. An essential read for understanding both the possibilities and limitations of artificial intelligence.” — Sabine Hossenfelder, physicist and New York Times bestselling author of Existential Physics: A Scientist's Guide to Life's Biggest Questions “ Why Machines Learn is a masterful work that explains—in clear, accessible, and entertaining fashion—the mathematics underlying modern machine learning, along with the colorful history of the field and its pioneering researchers. As AI has increasingly profound impacts in our world, this book will be an invaluable companion for anyone who wants a deep understanding of what’s under the hood